{"id":5972,"date":"2026-04-06T23:45:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T02:45:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deqlaw.com.br\/?page_id=5972"},"modified":"2026-04-27T04:52:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T07:52:14","slug":"arbitrating-in-brazil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.deqlaw.com.br\/en\/arbitrating-in-brazil\/","title":{"rendered":"Arbitrating in Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"<section data-bb-version=\"5.7.1\" id=\"bt_bb_section69f4e3f80ac23\" class=\"bt_bb_section bt_bb_layout_boxed_1200\"  data-bt-override-class=\"null\"><div class=\"bt_bb_port\"><div class=\"bt_bb_cell\"><div class=\"bt_bb_cell_inner\"><div class=\"bt_bb_row \"  data-bt-override-class=\"{}\"><div class=\"bt_bb_row_holder\" ><div data-bb-version=\"5.7.1\"  class=\"bt_bb_column col-xl-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12 bt_bb_align_left bt_bb_padding_normal\"  data-width=\"12\" data-bt-override-class=\"{}\"><div class=\"bt_bb_column_content bt_bb_vertical_align_top bt_bb_color_scheme_\"><div class=\"bt_bb_column_content_inner\"><div class=\"bt_bb_raw_content\"><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Lato:ital,wght@0,100;0,300;0,400;0,700;0,900;1,100;1,300;1,400&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\" \/>\n<style>\n  .dq-page-wrap {\n    margin-left:  calc(-50vw + 50%);\n    margin-right: calc(-50vw + 50%);\n    width: 100vw;\n    max-width: 100vw;\n    overflow-x: hidden;\n  }\n  :root {\n    --navy:       #0d1b2a;\n    --navy-mid:   #1a2e45;\n    --gold:       #cb8569;\n    --gold-light: #e09a7e;\n    --cream:      #f8f5f0;\n    --warm-white: #fdfcfa;\n    --text-dark:  #1a1a1a;\n    --text-mid:   #4a4a4a;\n    --text-light: #7a7a7a;\n    --border:     #e0d8cc;\n    --red-soft:   #7a2020;\n    --amber:      #b86a00;\n  }\n  *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }\n  body { font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif; background: var(--warm-white); color: var(--text-dark); line-height: 1.7; font-weight: 400; }\n\n  \/* HERO *\/\n  .hero { background: var(--navy); color: white; padding: 100px 40px 90px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }\n  .hero::after { content: ''; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 3px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, var(--gold), transparent); }\n  .hero-inner { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; position: relative; z-index: 1; }\n  .hero-label { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 3px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-light); margin-bottom: 28px; }\n  .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(34px, 5vw, 56px); font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 20px; }\n  .hero h1 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--gold-light); }\n  .hero-subtitle { font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 28px; }\n  .hero-sub { font-size: 21px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72); max-width: 640px; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 44px; font-weight: 300; }\n  .btn-primary { display: inline-block; background: var(--gold) !important; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none; padding: 15px 38px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; transition: background 0.3s; }\n  .btn-primary:hover { background: var(--gold-light) !important; color: #ffffff !important; }\n\n  \/* QUICK READ *\/\n  .quickread { background: var(--navy-mid); padding: 40px; }\n  .quickread-inner { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 16px; }\n  .quickread-title { grid-column: 1 \/ -1; font-size: 16px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 3px; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 8px; }\n  .qr-item { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .qr-dot { width: 8px; height: 8px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--gold); flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 8px; }\n  .qr-item p { font-size: 19px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); line-height: 1.7; }\n  .qr-item p strong { color: white; }\n\n  \/* INTRO *\/\n  .intro-strip { background: var(--cream); padding: 70px 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }\n  .intro-inner { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 60px; }\n  .intro-inner h2 { font-size: 34px; font-weight: 300; color: var(--navy); grid-column: 1 \/ -1; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: -20px; }\n  .intro-col p { font-size: 17px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.85; }\n  .intro-col p + p { margin-top: 16px; }\n  .intro-col a { color: var(--gold); text-decoration: none; }\n\n  \/* WARNING BOX *\/\n  .warning-box { background: #3a1010; border-left: 4px solid #c0392b; padding: 22px 28px; margin-top: 36px; grid-column: 1 \/ -1; }\n  .warning-box strong { color: #e07070; font-size: 13px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 2px; display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n  .warning-box p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75; }\n\n  \/* SHARED *\/\n  .section-inner { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; }\n  .section-label { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 3px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 18px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; }\n  .section-title { font-size: 38px; font-weight: 300; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 48px; line-height: 1.2; }\n\n  \/* ALERT STRIPE *\/\n  .alert-stripe { background: #fef9f0; border: 1px solid #e8c97a; border-left: 4px solid var(--amber); padding: 18px 24px; margin-top: 32px; font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.75; }\n  .alert-stripe strong { color: var(--amber); }\n\n  \/* FRAMEWORK STRIP *\/\n  .framework-strip { background: var(--navy); padding: 44px 40px; border-bottom: 3px solid var(--gold); }\n  .framework-inner { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 2px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.07); }\n  .framework-header { grid-column: 1 \/ -1; padding: 0 0 24px; background: transparent; }\n  .framework-header h2 { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 300; color: white; }\n  .framework-header p { font-size: 15px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); margin-top: 6px; }\n  .fw-card { background: var(--navy-mid); padding: 28px 26px; }\n  .fw-card-label { font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 10px; }\n  .fw-card h3 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: white; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n  .fw-card p { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.62); line-height: 1.75; }\n  .fw-card a { color: var(--gold-light); }\n\n  \/* ARBITRABILITY *\/\n  .arb-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--warm-white); }\n  .arb-inner { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 60px; align-items: start; }\n  .arb-content h2 { font-size: 34px; font-weight: 300; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.25; }\n  .arb-content p { font-size: 16px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px; }\n  .arb-content a { color: var(--gold); text-decoration: none; }\n  .arb-box { background: var(--navy); padding: 20px 24px; margin-bottom: 16px; }\n  .arb-box strong { color: var(--gold); font-size: 13px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1.5px; display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n  .arb-box p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; }\n  .arb-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }\n  .arb-list li { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: flex-start; font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.65; }\n  .arb-icon-yes { color: #1a5c2a; flex-shrink: 0; font-weight: 900; font-size: 16px; margin-top: 1px; }\n  .arb-icon-no  { color: var(--red-soft); flex-shrink: 0; font-weight: 900; font-size: 16px; margin-top: 1px; }\n\n  \/* CLAUSE SECTION *\/\n  .clause-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--cream); }\n  .clause-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2px; background: var(--border); }\n  .clause-card { background: var(--cream); padding: 32px 28px; }\n  .clause-card h3 { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 10px; }\n  .clause-card p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.8; }\n  .clause-card p + p { margin-top: 10px; }\n  .clause-card a { color: var(--gold); text-decoration: none; }\n  .clause-card .tag-law { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #1a5c2a; color: #a8d5b5; padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n  .clause-card .tag-warn { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #fef3e0; color: #8a5200; border: 1px solid #f0c97a; padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n  .clause-card .tag-note { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #e8eef8; color: #1a3a6c; border: 1px solid #a8bfe0; padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n  .model-clause { background: var(--navy); padding: 24px 28px; margin-top: 28px; }\n  .model-clause-label { font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 12px; }\n  .model-clause p { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); line-height: 1.85; font-style: italic; }\n  .model-clause-note { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); margin-top: 12px; font-style: normal !important; }\n\n  \/* PROCESS STEPS *\/\n  .process-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--navy); color: white; }\n  .process-section .section-label { color: var(--gold-light); }\n  .process-section .section-title { color: white; }\n  .process-intro { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); font-size: 17px; max-width: 640px; margin-bottom: 52px; line-height: 1.8; }\n  .process-steps { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }\n  .process-step { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06); gap: 2px; }\n  .step-num { background: var(--navy-mid); color: var(--gold); font-size: 32px; font-weight: 900; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 28px 0; line-height: 1; }\n  .step-body { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04); padding: 28px 32px; }\n  .step-body h3 { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; color: white; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n  .step-body p { font-size: 15px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.62); line-height: 1.8; }\n  .step-body a { color: var(--gold-light); }\n  .step-tag { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(203,133,105,0.2); color: var(--gold-light); border: 1px solid rgba(203,133,105,0.3); padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n\n  \/* INSTITUTIONS *\/\n  .inst-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--warm-white); }\n  .inst-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2px; background: var(--border); }\n  .inst-card { background: var(--warm-white); padding: 32px 28px; }\n  .inst-card-icon { width: 36px; height: 36px; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 16px; }\n  .inst-card h3 { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 6px; }\n  .inst-card .inst-type { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 10px; display: block; }\n  .inst-card p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.8; }\n  .inst-card a { color: var(--gold); text-decoration: none; }\n\n  \/* AWARD & ENFORCEMENT *\/\n  .award-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--cream); }\n  .award-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2px; background: var(--border); }\n  .award-card { background: var(--cream); padding: 32px 28px; }\n  .award-card h3 { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 10px; }\n  .award-card p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.8; }\n  .award-card p + p { margin-top: 10px; }\n  .award-card a { color: var(--gold); text-decoration: none; }\n  .award-card .tag-law { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #1a5c2a; color: #a8d5b5; padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n  .award-card .tag-warn { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #fef3e0; color: #8a5200; border: 1px solid #f0c97a; padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n  .award-card .tag-note { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #e8eef8; color: #1a3a6c; border: 1px solid #a8bfe0; padding: 3px 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n\n  \/* MISTAKES *\/\n  .mistakes-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--navy); color: white; }\n  .mistakes-section .section-label { color: var(--gold-light); }\n  .mistakes-section .section-title { color: white; }\n  .mistakes-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); }\n  .mistake-card { background: var(--navy-mid); padding: 28px; display: flex; gap: 18px; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .mistake-num { font-size: 38px; font-weight: 900; color: rgba(203,133,105,0.25); line-height: 1; flex-shrink: 0; width: 44px; }\n  .mistake-body h4 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 8px; }\n  .mistake-body p { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); line-height: 1.75; }\n\n  \/* FURTHER *\/\n  .further-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--cream); }\n  .further-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2px; background: var(--border); }\n  .further-card { background: var(--cream); padding: 32px 28px; }\n  .further-card h3 { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 10px; }\n  .further-card p { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.8; }\n  .further-card p + p { margin-top: 10px; }\n  .further-card a { color: var(--gold); text-decoration: none; }\n  .further-card .update-tag { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #e6f4ea; color: #1a5c2a; border: 1px solid #a8d5b5; padding: 2px 9px; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n  .further-card .caution-tag { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #fef3e0; color: #8a5200; border: 1px solid #f0c97a; padding: 2px 9px; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n  .further-card .new-tag { display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; background: #e8eef8; color: #1a3a6c; border: 1px solid #a8bfe0; padding: 2px 9px; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n\n  \/* TEAM *\/\n  .team-section { padding: 80px 40px; background: var(--warm-white); border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }\n  .team-inner { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.5fr; gap: 70px; align-items: start; }\n  .team-content p { font-size: 17px; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 16px; }\n  .team-content a { color: var(--gold); text-decoration: none; }\n\n  \/* CTA *\/\n  .cta-section { padding: 90px 40px; background: var(--cream); border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }\n  .cta-inner { max-width: 680px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; }\n  .cta-inner .section-label { justify-content: center; }\n  .cta-inner h2 { font-size: 38px; font-weight: 300; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2; }\n  .cta-inner p { font-size: 17px; color: var(--text-mid); margin-bottom: 40px; line-height: 1.85; }\n  .cta-checklist { background: white; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-left: 4px solid var(--gold); padding: 24px 28px; margin-bottom: 32px; text-align: left; }\n  .cta-checklist h4 { font-size: 14px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 2px; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 14px; }\n  .cta-checklist ul { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }\n  .cta-checklist li { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-mid); display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .cta-checklist li::before { content: '\u2713'; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 700; flex-shrink: 0; }\n\n  \/* PILL *\/\n  .pill { display: inline-block; padding: 3px 12px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.5px; border-radius: 2px; }\n  .pill-green { background: #e6f4ea; color: #1a5c2a; }\n  .pill-red   { background: #fde8e8; color: #9b2020; }\n  .pill-amber { background: #fef3e0; color: #8a5200; }\n\n  @media (max-width: 760px) {\n    .hero { padding: 70px 24px 64px; }\n    .quickread-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n    .intro-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }\n    .intro-inner h2 { grid-column: 1; }\n    .warning-box { grid-column: 1; }\n    .framework-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n    .arb-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n    .clause-grid, .inst-grid, .award-grid, .mistakes-grid, .further-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n    .process-step { grid-template-columns: 60px 1fr; }\n    .team-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n    .arb-section, .clause-section, .process-section, .inst-section, .award-section, .mistakes-section, .further-section, .team-section, .cta-section { padding: 60px 24px; }\n    .intro-strip, .quickread, .framework-strip { padding: 50px 24px; }\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"dq-page-wrap\">\n\n<!-- HERO -->\n<section class=\"hero\">\n  <div class=\"hero-inner\">\n    <div class=\"hero-label\">D&amp;Q Lawyers \u00b7 Dispute Resolution \u00b7 2026 Guide<\/div>\n    <h1>Arbitrating<br><em>in Brazil<\/em><\/h1>\n    <p class=\"hero-subtitle\">Faster, confidential and more easily enforceable, if you get the clause right.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"hero-sub\">\n      Brazilian arbitration law is well established, internationally aligned and directly enforceable. It is also unforgiving of poorly drafted clauses and preventable procedural errors. This guide covers what you need to know before you agree to arbitrate.\n    <\/p>\n    <a href=\"#contact\" class=\"btn-primary\">Get in Touch<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- QUICK READ -->\n<div class=\"quickread\">\n  <div class=\"quickread-inner\">\n    <div class=\"quickread-title\">Quick Read<\/div>\n    <div class=\"qr-item\"><div class=\"qr-dot\"><\/div><p><strong>Mature legal framework:<\/strong> Brazilian arbitration has been governed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/leis\/l9307.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:var(--gold-light);\">Arbitration Act<\/a> (Law 9,307\/1996) since 1996. The Act was significantly strengthened in 2015. Domestic arbitral awards are directly enforceable as final judgments without court confirmation.<\/p><\/div>\n    <div class=\"qr-item\"><div class=\"qr-dot\"><\/div><p><strong>Speed advantage is real:<\/strong> A Brazilian arbitration at a major institution typically resolves in 12 to 24 months from commencement to award. The equivalent commercial dispute through the state courts takes 4 to 8 years at first instance, with further years on appeal.<\/p><\/div>\n    <div class=\"qr-item\"><div class=\"qr-dot\"><\/div><p><strong>Only disposable patrimonial rights:<\/strong> Arbitration is available only for disputes involving <em>direitos patrimoniais dispon\u00edveis<\/em> (patrimonial rights that the parties can freely dispose of). Consumer contracts, most employment disputes and matters involving public order cannot be arbitrated.<\/p><\/div>\n    <div class=\"qr-item\"><div class=\"qr-dot\"><\/div><p><strong>The clause is everything:<\/strong> An invalid, pathological or ambiguous arbitration clause will send the dispute to the courts. Brazilian courts apply strict validity requirements. Drafting the clause correctly, including seat, institution, number of arbitrators and language, is non-negotiable.<\/p><\/div>\n    <div class=\"qr-item\"><div class=\"qr-dot\"><\/div><p><strong>Foreign awards need STJ recognition:<\/strong> A foreign arbitral award cannot be enforced in Brazil until it is recognised by the Superior Court of Justice (<em>Superior Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a<\/em>, <strong>STJ<\/strong>). Brazil is a signatory to the <a href=\"https:\/\/uncitral.un.org\/en\/texts\/arbitration\/conventions\/foreign_arbitral_awards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:var(--gold-light);\">New York Convention<\/a>; the grounds for refusal are narrow.<\/p><\/div>\n    <div class=\"qr-item\"><div class=\"qr-dot\"><\/div><p><strong>Courts assist, not interfere:<\/strong> Brazilian courts support arbitration, including granting interim relief before or during proceedings. Once an arbitral tribunal is constituted, courts will decline jurisdiction on the merits and defer to the tribunal.<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- INTRO -->\n<section class=\"intro-strip\">\n  <div class=\"intro-inner\">\n    <h2>Brazil has one of the most active arbitration markets in Latin America. The framework rewards preparation.<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"intro-col\">\n      <p>The Brazilian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/leis\/l9307.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arbitration Act<\/a> (Law 9,307\/1996) transformed dispute resolution in Brazil. Before its enactment, arbitration clauses were unenforceable because parties could always walk away and litigate. The Act made arbitration agreements binding, provided for the direct enforceability of domestic awards without court ratification, and established the framework that has since made Brazil one of the leading arbitration seats in Latin America.<\/p>\n      <p>The Act was updated in 2015 by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2015\/lei\/l13129.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law 13,129\/2015<\/a>, which extended arbitrability to disputes involving the public sector, clarified the rules on arbitrator challenges, codified the courts&#8217; powers to grant interim relief before the constitution of the tribunal, and resolved several procedural uncertainties that had arisen in the Act&#8217;s first two decades.<\/p>\n      <p>Brazil is also a signatory to the <a href=\"https:\/\/uncitral.un.org\/en\/texts\/arbitration\/conventions\/foreign_arbitral_awards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards<\/a>, ratified in 2002, which provides the framework for the recognition of foreign awards before the STJ.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"intro-col\">\n      <p>For commercial parties operating in or transacting with Brazil, arbitration is not simply an alternative to litigation: for many disputes it is the only realistic path to a timely resolution. Brazilian court proceedings in commercial cases routinely take five to ten years including appeals. An institutional arbitration with a well-drafted clause and an experienced tribunal can deliver a final, enforceable award in under two years.<\/p>\n      <p>The critical condition is that the arbitration agreement is validly concluded and correctly drafted. Brazilian courts apply strict requirements to arbitration agreements, and a clause that fails on scope, form or content will be declared void, sending the dispute to the very court system the parties sought to avoid. This guide addresses the legal framework, drafting requirements, process, institutions, awards and enforcement, and the most common mistakes. For the broader context of Brazilian dispute resolution, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deqlaw.com.br\/litigating-in-brazil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guide on litigating in Brazil<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"warning-box\">\n      <strong>The pathological clause problem<\/strong>\n      <p>A &#8220;pathological&#8221; arbitration clause is one that is defective in a way that prevents arbitration from proceeding or that creates jurisdictional uncertainty. Common pathologies in Brazilian practice include: clauses that name a non-existent institution, clauses that provide for arbitration of &#8220;some&#8221; disputes and litigation for &#8220;others&#8221; without specifying which, clauses that are silent on seat, and clauses that impose conditions precedent to arbitration that are drafted so loosely that neither party can initiate proceedings. Pathological clauses in Brazil frequently end up in costly court proceedings to determine whether arbitration can proceed at all, defeating the parties&#8217; original intention entirely.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- LEGAL FRAMEWORK STRIP -->\n<section class=\"framework-strip\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"framework-inner\">\n      <div class=\"framework-header\">\n        <h2 style=\"font-size:30px;font-weight:300;color:white;\">The legal framework: three pillars<\/h2>\n        <p>Brazilian arbitration rests on three interlocking instruments. All three must be understood before agreeing to arbitrate.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"fw-card\">\n        <div class=\"fw-card-label\">Domestic Law<\/div>\n        <h3>Arbitration Act (Law 9,307\/1996, as amended by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2015\/lei\/l13129.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law 13,129\/2015<\/a>)<\/h3>\n        <p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/leis\/l9307.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:var(--gold-light);\">Arbitration Act<\/a> is the primary domestic statute governing all aspects of Brazilian arbitration: the validity of the arbitration agreement, the constitution and powers of the tribunal, the procedure, the form and effect of the award, the grounds for challenging or annulling an award, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign awards. It is broadly aligned with the <a href=\"https:\/\/uncitral.un.org\/en\/texts\/arbitration\/modellaw\/commercial_arbitration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNCITRAL Model Law<\/a>, though with some structural differences. The 2015 amendments extended arbitrability to public sector disputes, codified interim relief rules, and clarified arbitrator challenge procedures.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"fw-card\">\n        <div class=\"fw-card-label\">International<\/div>\n        <h3>New York Convention (ratified by Brazil in 2002)<\/h3>\n        <p>Brazil ratified the <a href=\"https:\/\/uncitral.un.org\/en\/texts\/arbitration\/conventions\/foreign_arbitral_awards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:var(--gold-light);\">New York Convention<\/a> in 2002. The Convention governs the recognition and enforcement in Brazil of arbitral awards made in other Convention states (and, by Brazil&#8217;s non-reciprocity declaration, in non-Convention states as well). The grounds for refusing recognition are those in Article V of the Convention: procedural defects, invalidity of the arbitration agreement, excess of jurisdiction, violation of due process, and conflict with public policy. Brazilian courts apply these grounds in a manner broadly consistent with international practice.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"fw-card\">\n        <div class=\"fw-card-label\">Civil Procedure<\/div>\n        <h3>Code of Civil Procedure (CPC 2015, Arts. 485 and 3)<\/h3>\n        <p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2015\/lei\/l13105.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:var(--gold-light);\">Code of Civil Procedure<\/a> (CPC) complements the Arbitration Act by defining the relationship between arbitral proceedings and the courts. Under Article 485, IV of the CPC, courts must extinguish proceedings without adjudication on the merits when a valid arbitration agreement exists. Under Article 3, courts will intervene to support arbitration by granting interim relief, enforcing tribunal-ordered measures and assisting with evidence gathering. The CPC 2015 also provides the procedural framework for enforcing domestic awards and for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stj.jus.br\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STJ<\/a>&#8217;s recognition of foreign awards.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ARBITRABILITY -->\n<section class=\"arb-section\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"arb-inner\">\n      <div class=\"arb-content\">\n        <div class=\"section-label\">Arbitrability<\/div>\n        <h2>What can and cannot be arbitrated in Brazil<\/h2>\n\n        <div class=\"arb-box\">\n          <strong>The test: patrimonial rights (<em>direitos patrimoniais dispon\u00edveis<\/em>)<\/strong>\n          <p>Under Article 1 of the Arbitration Act, arbitration is available for disputes involving <em>direitos patrimoniais dispon\u00edveis<\/em>: patrimonial rights that the parties are legally free to dispose of by contract. This covers the vast majority of commercial disputes: contract claims, corporate disputes, construction, M&amp;A, financial transactions, intellectual property licensing and international trade. The test excludes disputes that are subject to mandatory public law rules or that the parties cannot settle by agreement.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p>The scope of arbitrability in Brazil has expanded significantly since 1996. The 2015 amendments confirmed that public sector entities can agree to arbitrate disputes arising from commercial contracts, ending a long-running debate. Brazilian courts have also interpreted arbitrability broadly in commercial contexts, consistent with the Act&#8217;s pro-arbitration philosophy.<\/p>\n\n        <p>The most important excluded categories are consumer disputes (where the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/leis\/l8078compilado.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consumer Defence Code<\/a> prevents pre-dispute arbitration clauses), most employment disputes (though senior employees earning above a defined threshold may agree to arbitrate), and matters involving rights that cannot be waived or settled by contract, such as family status, criminal liability and certain constitutional rights.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div>\n        <p style=\"font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:2px;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:16px;\">Arbitrable<\/p>\n        <ul class=\"arb-list\" style=\"margin-bottom:32px;\">\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>Commercial contracts: supply, services, construction, distribution<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>Corporate disputes: shareholder agreements, M&amp;A, joint ventures<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>Intellectual property licensing and infringement (between contracting parties)<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>Financial contracts, derivatives, banking disputes<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>International trade, shipping and commodity contracts<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>Real estate and construction disputes<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>Public sector contracts involving commercial activities (since 2015)<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-yes\">\u2713<\/span><span>Insurance and reinsurance<\/span><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <p style=\"font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:2px;color:var(--red-soft);margin-bottom:16px;\">Not arbitrable<\/p>\n        <ul class=\"arb-list\">\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-no\">\u2717<\/span><span>Consumer disputes where the consumer did not freely agree to arbitration after the dispute arose<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-no\">\u2717<\/span><span>Employment disputes (generally), except for senior employees above the threshold under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2017\/lei\/l13467.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017 Labour Reform<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-no\">\u2717<\/span><span>Criminal matters and public order violations<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-no\">\u2717<\/span><span>Family law: divorce, custody, inheritance of forced heirship rights<\/span><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"arb-icon-no\">\u2717<\/span><span>Rights that cannot be waived by contract under mandatory law<\/span><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- THE ARBITRATION CLAUSE -->\n<section class=\"clause-section\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"section-label\">The Arbitration Agreement<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\">Drafting the arbitration clause: what must be right<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"clause-grid\">\n\n      <div class=\"clause-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-law\">Art. 4, Arbitration Act<\/div>\n        <h3>Form and scope<\/h3>\n        <p>An arbitration clause (<em>cl\u00e1usula compromiss\u00f3ria<\/em>) must be in writing. It can be contained in the main contract or in a separate document that is expressly incorporated into it. For adhesion contracts (standard form), the clause must either be initialled by the adhering party or contained in a separate document signed by that party, otherwise it is void.<\/p>\n        <p>The scope of the clause must be clearly defined. A clause that refers &#8220;all disputes arising out of or in connection with this agreement&#8221; to arbitration is broad enough to cover contractual and tortious claims related to the contract. A clause that refers only &#8220;contractual disputes&#8221; may leave tort claims outside its scope. Brazilian courts interpret scope narrowly when the clause is ambiguous: doubts are resolved in favour of judicial jurisdiction.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"clause-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-law\">Art. 21, Arbitration Act<\/div>\n        <h3>Institutional vs <em>ad hoc<\/em><\/h3>\n        <p>An arbitration clause must specify whether the arbitration will be administered by an institution (institutional arbitration) or conducted without institutional administration (<em>ad hoc<\/em> arbitration). Institutional arbitration under the rules of a recognised Brazilian or international institution is strongly preferred for commercial disputes. The institution&#8217;s rules fill procedural gaps, provide appointment mechanisms if the parties cannot agree on arbitrators, and administer fees and communications.<\/p>\n        <p><em>Ad hoc<\/em> arbitration is permitted but requires the clause to specify procedural rules in detail or to incorporate a set of rules by reference. Poorly drafted <em>ad hoc<\/em> clauses frequently generate disputes about procedure that require court intervention before the merits can be addressed.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"clause-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-warn\">Critical: seat of arbitration<\/div>\n        <h3>Seat (<em>sede da arbitragem<\/em>)<\/h3>\n        <p>The seat of arbitration is the legal domicile of the proceedings and determines which country&#8217;s law governs the arbitration procedure, which courts have supervisory jurisdiction, and whether the award is &#8220;domestic&#8221; or &#8220;foreign&#8221; for enforcement purposes. A Brazilian-seat arbitration produces a domestic award, directly enforceable in Brazil. A foreign-seat arbitration produces a foreign award that must be homologated by the STJ before enforcement.<\/p>\n        <p>The seat need not be the physical location where hearings are held. Hearings can take place anywhere, including remotely. The seat is a legal concept, not a venue. For disputes between Brazilian parties or with significant Brazilian assets, a Brazilian seat is generally more efficient for enforcement. For cross-border disputes where enforcement in multiple countries may be needed, a neutral seat in a well-established arbitration jurisdiction may be preferable.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"clause-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-note\">Drafting checklist<\/div>\n        <h3>Governing law, number of arbitrators, language<\/h3>\n        <p>Three further elements should always be specified. The <strong>governing law of the contract<\/strong> determines how substantive rights and obligations are interpreted; Brazilian law is the default for contracts performed in Brazil, but the parties may choose a foreign law for international contracts. The <strong>number of arbitrators<\/strong> (one or three) affects cost, timeline and the availability of particular specialists; three is standard for complex commercial disputes. The <strong>language of the arbitration<\/strong> must be specified, particularly for cross-border disputes; failure to specify defaults to Portuguese for Brazilian-institution arbitrations.<\/p>\n        <p>Other useful inclusions: an <strong>expedited procedure<\/strong> option for lower-value claims; a <strong>consolidation<\/strong> provision if the contract is part of a suite of related agreements; and a <strong>pre-arbitration steps<\/strong> clause that sets out any mandatory negotiation or mediation requirement without making it a condition precedent that could be used to delay proceedings.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ARBITRATION PROCESS -->\n<section class=\"process-section\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"section-label\">The Process<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\">From notice of arbitration to award: the six stages<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"process-intro\">The timeline below reflects a standard institutional arbitration under Brazilian institutional rules. Timings vary by institution, case complexity and the parties&#8217; level of cooperation. The overall process is typically complete in 12 to 24 months.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"process-steps\">\n\n      <div class=\"process-step\">\n        <div class=\"step-num\">01<\/div>\n        <div class=\"step-body\">\n          <div class=\"step-tag\">Weeks 1\u20134<\/div>\n          <h3>Notice of arbitration and response<\/h3>\n          <p>Proceedings commence when the claimant files a notice of arbitration (<em>requerimento de arbitragem<\/em>) with the chosen institution, setting out the nature of the dispute, the relief sought and the proposed tribunal composition. The institution registers the request, notifies the respondent and sets a deadline for the response (<em>resposta<\/em>). At this stage the institution also calculates and requests advance payment of its registration fee and an estimate of the arbitrators&#8217; fees based on the amount in dispute. Failure to pay results in suspension or termination of the proceedings.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"process-step\">\n        <div class=\"step-num\">02<\/div>\n        <div class=\"step-body\">\n          <div class=\"step-tag\">Weeks 4\u201312<\/div>\n          <h3>Appointment of arbitrators<\/h3>\n          <p>Each party nominates one arbitrator; the two party-nominated arbitrators then agree on the presiding arbitrator, or the institution appoints if they cannot agree. Arbitrators must be independent and impartial and must disclose any circumstances that could give rise to doubts about those qualities. A party may challenge an arbitrator who fails to meet these standards; the challenge procedure is set out in the institutional rules and, if unresolved there, in the Arbitration Act. Once all three arbitrators accept their appointments and challenges are resolved, the tribunal is constituted and has full jurisdiction.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"process-step\">\n        <div class=\"step-num\">03<\/div>\n        <div class=\"step-body\">\n          <div class=\"step-tag\">Month 3<\/div>\n          <h3>Terms of reference (<em>ata de miss\u00e3o<\/em>)<\/h3>\n          <p>At the first procedural meeting, the tribunal and parties execute the terms of reference (<em>ata de miss\u00e3o<\/em> under CAM-CCBC rules, or equivalent under other rules). This document sets out: the parties and their claims; the agreed summary of the dispute; a statement of the issues to be determined; a description of the applicable law and seat; and the procedural calendar for the remainder of the proceedings. The terms of reference fix the scope of the tribunal&#8217;s jurisdiction. Claims or issues not included cannot generally be raised later without amendment, which requires tribunal consent. Getting the terms of reference right is therefore one of the most strategically important steps in the process.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"process-step\">\n        <div class=\"step-num\">04<\/div>\n        <div class=\"step-body\">\n          <div class=\"step-tag\">Months 4\u201314<\/div>\n          <h3>Written submissions and document production<\/h3>\n          <p>The pleadings phase typically involves two rounds of written submissions: the claimant&#8217;s statement of claim with supporting documents and witness statements; the respondent&#8217;s statement of defence and any counterclaim; and (usually) a reply and rejoinder. Document production in Brazilian institutional arbitration is substantially more limited than in common law discovery but broader than Brazilian court procedure. The IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration are commonly adopted, allowing targeted requests for specific categories of documents relevant to the issues in dispute. There is no general disclosure obligation and no deposition procedure.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"process-step\">\n        <div class=\"step-num\">05<\/div>\n        <div class=\"step-body\">\n          <div class=\"step-tag\">Months 14\u201318<\/div>\n          <h3>Evidentiary hearing<\/h3>\n          <p>Unlike Brazilian court proceedings, arbitral hearings allow for the cross-examination of witnesses and party-appointed experts. This is one of the most significant procedural advantages of arbitration over litigation for parties accustomed to common law procedure. Witnesses give evidence in chief by way of written witness statements; cross-examination and re-examination follow. Expert witnesses, whether party-appointed or tribunal-appointed, may also be examined. Hearings in complex cases typically run over several days; the tribunal, not a court clerk, controls the hearing record. Post-hearing briefs are usually permitted within a defined period after the hearing closes.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"process-step\">\n        <div class=\"step-num\">06<\/div>\n        <div class=\"step-body\">\n          <div class=\"step-tag\">Months 18\u201324<\/div>\n          <h3>The award<\/h3>\n          <p>The tribunal deliberates and issues a final award (<em>senten\u00e7a arbitral<\/em>). Under the Arbitration Act, the award must be in writing, reasoned, signed by all arbitrators (or the majority, with any dissent recorded), and must contain the date and place of issuance. The award is final: it has the same force as a court judgment and, for domestic awards, is directly enforceable in the courts without ratification. The tribunal may also issue partial awards on jurisdiction or specific issues during the proceedings. Once the final award is issued, the tribunal&#8217;s mandate is functus officio, though it may be called upon to correct clerical errors or clarify ambiguous passages.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"alert-stripe\" style=\"background:rgba(254,249,240,0.08);border-color:rgba(232,201,122,0.4);color:rgba(255,255,255,0.7);margin-top:32px;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:var(--gold-light);\">Interim relief before and during arbitration:<\/strong> Brazilian courts may grant interim relief (<em>tutela de urg\u00eancia<\/em>) before the tribunal is constituted, at the request of a party. Once the tribunal is constituted, it takes over jurisdiction to grant interim measures, though it still requires court assistance to enforce them against a non-compliant party. The <em>penhora online<\/em> electronic asset freeze, one of the most effective enforcement tools in the Brazilian system, remains available through the courts throughout arbitral proceedings.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- INSTITUTIONS -->\n<section class=\"inst-section\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"section-label\">Arbitral Institutions<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\">Choosing an institution for Brazilian arbitration<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"inst-grid\">\n\n      <div class=\"inst-card\">\n        <svg class=\"inst-card-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><\/svg>\n        <div class=\"inst-type\">International \u00b7 Paris<\/div>\n        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/iccwbo.org\/dispute-resolution\/dispute-resolution-services\/arbitration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ICC International Court of Arbitration<\/a><\/h3>\n        <p>The International Chamber of Commerce is the most widely used international institution for cross-border disputes involving Brazilian parties. ICC arbitration is well understood by both Brazilian and international counsel and tribunals. The ICC&#8217;s scrutiny mechanism (review of draft awards by the Court) adds a quality control layer not present in most domestic institutions. ICC proceedings are typically more expensive than Brazilian institutional arbitration. For disputes where the counterparty is non-Brazilian or where enforcement in multiple jurisdictions is anticipated, ICC arbitration with a S\u00e3o Paulo or other neutral seat is commonly used.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"inst-card\">\n        <svg class=\"inst-card-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"1\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"23\"\/><path d=\"M17 5H9.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 7h5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0 7H6\"\/><\/svg>\n        <div class=\"inst-type\">International \u00b7 New York<\/div>\n        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icdr.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ICDR (AAA International)<\/a><\/h3>\n        <p>The International Centre for Dispute Resolution, the international division of the American Arbitration Association, is used for disputes with North American parties or where US-law commercial practice is relevant. ICDR rules are flexible and relatively efficient. For US-Brazil disputes, ICDR arbitration with a Miami or New York seat is a common choice, with recognition of any award in Brazil available through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stj.jus.br\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STJ<\/a> homologation process under the New York Convention.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"inst-card\">\n        <svg class=\"inst-card-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 22s8-4 8-10V5l-8-3-8 3v7c0 6 8 10 8 10z\"\/><\/svg>\n        <div class=\"inst-type\">Brazilian \u00b7 S\u00e3o Paulo<\/div>\n        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/ccbc.org.br\/cam-ccbc-centro-arbitragem-mediacao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CAM-CCBC<\/a><\/h3>\n        <p>The Centre for Arbitration and Mediation of the Brazil-Canada Chamber of Commerce is the leading Brazilian arbitral institution by caseload and is widely regarded as the highest-quality domestic option for complex commercial disputes. Its rules are modern, its appointed arbitrators are experienced, and it handles both Portuguese-language and bilingual proceedings. The CAM-CCBC is the first choice for high-value domestic and cross-border disputes with a Brazilian seat. It publishes statistics on caseload and award timelines, making it one of the more transparent institutions in the region.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"inst-card\">\n        <svg class=\"inst-card-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"M12 6v6l4 2\"\/><\/svg>\n        <div class=\"inst-type\">Brazilian \u00b7 National<\/div>\n        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.camarb.com.br\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CAMARB<\/a><\/h3>\n        <p>The Brazilian Arbitration Chamber has offices in several Brazilian cities, including Belo Horizonte, S\u00e3o Paulo and Bras\u00edlia, and administers a high volume of commercial and construction arbitrations. Its rules and fee structure make it attractive for mid-value disputes. CAMARB has developed a significant presence in infrastructure, energy and public sector arbitration since the 2015 Act amendments extended arbitrability to state-related contracts. It also offers expedited procedures for lower-value claims.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"inst-card\">\n        <svg class=\"inst-card-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"2\" y=\"3\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" rx=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"21\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"21\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"21\"\/><\/svg>\n        <div class=\"inst-type\">Brazilian \u00b7 S\u00e3o Paulo<\/div>\n        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/direitosp.fgv.br\/camara-fgv-de-arbitragem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FGV Arbitration Chamber<\/a><\/h3>\n        <p>The Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Getulio Vargas Arbitration Chamber is associated with one of Brazil&#8217;s leading law schools and brings an academic and policy rigour to its administration. It is active in corporate and financial disputes and has developed specialised procedures for certain sectors. The FGV Chamber is a respected choice for disputes where the legal issues are novel or where institutional transparency is a priority.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"inst-card\">\n        <svg class=\"inst-card-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 10c0 7-9 13-9 13s-9-6-9-13a9 9 0 0 1 18 0z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg>\n        <div class=\"inst-type\">Ad hoc<\/div>\n        <h3>UNCITRAL Rules<\/h3>\n        <p>For disputes where neither party wants to be seen to favour the other&#8217;s home institution, the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules provide a well-established set of <em>ad hoc<\/em> procedural rules without requiring institutional administration. The rules are widely recognised and used in investment treaty arbitrations and state-to-state disputes. An appointing authority should be designated in the clause to resolve tribunal constitution deadlocks. For purely domestic Brazilian disputes between Brazilian parties, UNCITRAL <em>ad hoc<\/em> arbitration is rarely used; institutional arbitration is the norm.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- AWARD AND ENFORCEMENT -->\n<section class=\"award-section\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"section-label\">Awards and Enforcement<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\">From award to enforcement: domestic and international<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"award-grid\">\n\n      <div class=\"award-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-law\">Art. 18, Arbitration Act<\/div>\n        <h3>Domestic awards: directly enforceable<\/h3>\n        <p>A domestic arbitral award (one issued in a Brazilian-seat arbitration) is a <em>t\u00edtulo executivo judicial<\/em> (judicial enforcement instrument) under Article 515, VII of the CPC. It is directly enforceable in the Brazilian courts without any form of court ratification, confirmation or homologation. The court&#8217;s role is limited to enforcement: it will not review the merits of the award, reconsider the evidence or substitute its judgment for the tribunal&#8217;s on any question of fact or law.<\/p>\n        <p>Enforcement is initiated by filing the award with the competent first instance court along with an application for enforcement (<em>cumprimento de senten\u00e7a<\/em>). The debtor has 15 days to comply voluntarily; if it does not, the court may order the <em>penhora online<\/em> electronic freeze of bank accounts or attachment of other assets.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"award-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-law\">New York Convention \u00b7 STJ<\/div>\n        <h3>Foreign awards: STJ homologation<\/h3>\n        <p>A foreign arbitral award (one issued outside Brazil) must be recognised by the Superior Court of Justice (<em>Superior Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a<\/em>, STJ) before it can be enforced in Brazil. This process is called <em>homologa\u00e7\u00e3o de senten\u00e7a arbitral estrangeira<\/em>. The STJ applies the grounds of Article V of the New York Convention: invalidity of the arbitration agreement, improper notice, excess of jurisdiction, composition or procedure contrary to the agreement, non-finality, non-arbitrability and public policy.<\/p>\n        <p>The STJ does not review the merits of the award. Homologation proceedings typically take 12 to 18 months, though uncontested cases can be resolved more quickly. Once homologated, the foreign award has the same status as a domestic award and is enforced in the same way. Brazil applies the Convention without the reciprocity reservation, meaning it will homologate awards from non-Convention states as well.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"award-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-warn\">Narrow grounds only<\/div>\n        <h3>Annulment of domestic awards (<em>a\u00e7\u00e3o anulat\u00f3ria<\/em>)<\/h3>\n        <p>A domestic arbitral award may be challenged before the competent court through an <em>a\u00e7\u00e3o anulat\u00f3ria<\/em> (annulment action). The grounds are set out in Article 32 of the Arbitration Act and are exclusive and exhaustive: incapacity of a party, invalidity of the arbitration agreement, the award being issued outside the period fixed for the arbitration, excess of jurisdiction, failure to decide all matters submitted, corruption or fraud by the arbitrator, and violation of the form requirements or reasoning obligation of the Act.<\/p>\n        <p>Crucially, errors of fact or law in the award are <strong>not<\/strong> grounds for annulment. A court cannot set aside an award merely because it disagrees with the tribunal&#8217;s legal analysis or assessment of the evidence. The <em>a\u00e7\u00e3o anulat\u00f3ria<\/em> must be filed within 90 days of receiving the award. In practice, annulment actions rarely succeed; Brazilian courts apply the grounds strictly and are reluctant to interfere with arbitral outcomes.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"award-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-note\">Practical point<\/div>\n        <h3>Interest, costs and the award<\/h3>\n        <p>Brazilian arbitral tribunals have broad discretion over costs. Under the institutional rules of the major Brazilian institutions, costs (including arbitrator fees, institutional fees and legal costs) are allocated by the tribunal in the award, typically following the principle that the losing party bears the costs, but the tribunal has discretion to apportion differently. Unlike Brazilian court proceedings, there is no fixed <em>sucumb\u00eancia<\/em> formula: the tribunal may award full legal costs to the winning party, something that Brazilian courts do not do.<\/p>\n        <p>Interest on monetary awards is calculated in accordance with the applicable law and the terms of the award. Where Brazilian law governs, the <em>taxa Selic<\/em> (the Central Bank reference rate) is commonly applied for interest accruing after the award. Monetary correction (<em>corre\u00e7\u00e3o monet\u00e1ria<\/em>) may also be awarded to account for inflation on past-due amounts, depending on the contract terms and applicable law.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"award-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-note\">Confidentiality<\/div>\n        <h3>Confidentiality of arbitral proceedings and awards<\/h3>\n        <p>One of the most commercially important differences between arbitration and litigation in Brazil is confidentiality. Brazilian court proceedings are, as a constitutional principle, public. Arbitral proceedings are private: hearings, pleadings, evidence and awards are confidential to the parties and the tribunal unless the parties agree otherwise or disclosure is required by law (such as for listed companies under securities regulations).<\/p>\n        <p>Confidentiality obligations are typically set out in the institutional rules and reinforced by the terms of reference. Where a party seeks to enforce an award in the Brazilian courts, limited information about the dispute will become public through the court record. Parties that need to preserve full confidentiality throughout should address this expressly in the arbitration agreement and in the terms of reference.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"award-card\">\n        <div class=\"tag-note\">Cross-border enforcement<\/div>\n        <h3>Enforcing Brazilian awards internationally<\/h3>\n        <p>A Brazilian-seat arbitral award is a foreign award in any country outside Brazil and is enforceable under the New York Convention in any of the 172 signatory states, subject to the Convention&#8217;s Article V grounds. Common law courts in Australia, England, the United States and Canada have well-established procedures for recognising foreign arbitral awards and have generally enforced Brazilian awards that meet the standard requirements. The quality of the award drafting (reasoned, clear, final) materially affects the speed and ease of foreign enforcement; poorly drafted awards attract challenges that well-drafted ones do not.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- COMMON MISTAKES -->\n<section class=\"mistakes-section\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"section-label\">Common Mistakes<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\">Six mistakes in Brazilian arbitration<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"mistakes-grid\">\n\n      <div class=\"mistake-card\">\n        <div class=\"mistake-num\">01<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mistake-body\">\n          <h4>The pathological clause<\/h4>\n          <p>Agreeing to arbitrate without a properly drafted clause is worse than not agreeing at all: it creates uncertainty about whether arbitration can proceed, generates satellite litigation about the clause&#8217;s validity, and can strand the parties in a years-long jurisdictional dispute before the merits are addressed. The most common defects are: naming an institution that does not exist or has been renamed; omitting the seat; using language that makes arbitration optional rather than mandatory; and including conditions precedent that neither party can satisfy.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"mistake-card\">\n        <div class=\"mistake-num\">02<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mistake-body\">\n          <h4>Treating the arbitration clause as boilerplate<\/h4>\n          <p>Arbitration clauses are frequently copied from precedent without adapting them to the specific transaction. A clause that works for a standard commercial services agreement may be entirely inappropriate for a construction project, a shareholders&#8217; agreement or a financial instrument. The seat, governing law, number of arbitrators, language and scope of the clause should all be deliberate choices made with the nature of the likely dispute in mind, not defaults inherited from an unrelated transaction.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"mistake-card\">\n        <div class=\"mistake-num\">03<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mistake-body\">\n          <h4>Failing to pay institutional fees on time<\/h4>\n          <p>Brazilian arbitral institutions require advance payment of registration and arbitrator fees before the proceedings can advance. Failure to pay within the stated deadlines leads to suspension of the proceedings and, if uncured, termination. In practice, this most commonly arises where the claimant underestimates the fee level (which is based on the amount in dispute) or where internal approvals for the payment are delayed. The financial commitment of commencing an institutional arbitration in Brazil should be assessed and approved before the notice of arbitration is filed.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"mistake-card\">\n        <div class=\"mistake-num\">04<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mistake-body\">\n          <h4>Missing the 90-day annulment deadline<\/h4>\n          <p>The right to challenge a domestic arbitral award through an <em>a\u00e7\u00e3o anulat\u00f3ria<\/em> is extinguished 90 days after receipt of the award. This deadline is absolute: there is no provision for extension and Brazilian courts have consistently refused to accept late-filed challenges regardless of the reason. A party that receives an adverse award and fails to assess the annulment grounds promptly loses the right to challenge permanently. In practice, the assessment of potential annulment grounds should begin as soon as the award is received, not after internal deliberation.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"mistake-card\">\n        <div class=\"mistake-num\">05<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mistake-body\">\n          <h4>Expecting the same document production as common law litigation<\/h4>\n          <p>Parties from common law jurisdictions frequently expect Brazilian institutional arbitration to provide the same breadth of document production as litigation in Australia, England or the United States. It does not. Even under the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence, document production in Brazilian arbitration is targeted and specific, not general disclosure. Requesting &#8220;all documents relating to the project&#8221; will be refused. The evidentiary strategy must be built around documents the party already holds, supplemented by carefully targeted requests for specific documents whose existence and relevance can be demonstrated.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"mistake-card\">\n        <div class=\"mistake-num\">06<\/div>\n        <div class=\"mistake-body\">\n          <h4>Nominating an arbitrator without checking independence<\/h4>\n          <p>Brazilian arbitration practice requires full disclosure of any circumstance that could give rise to doubts about an arbitrator&#8217;s independence or impartiality. Parties who nominate an arbitrator without verifying their disclosure obligations, prior relationships with the other party or its counsel, and existing commitments expose themselves to a challenge that can delay proceedings and, if successful, require reconstitution of the tribunal. Arbitrator selection should include a thorough conflicts check and a review of the nominee&#8217;s published awards and disclosed positions on the key legal issues.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- FURTHER ISSUES -->\n<section class=\"further-section\">\n  <div class=\"section-inner\">\n    <div class=\"section-label\">Further Issues<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\">Public sector contracts, consumer disputes and investment arbitration<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"further-grid\">\n\n      <div class=\"further-card\">\n        <div class=\"update-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2015\/lei\/l13129.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law 13,129\/2015<\/a><\/div>\n        <h3>Arbitration with the Brazilian public sector<\/h3>\n        <p>The 2015 amendments to the Arbitration Act expressly authorised arbitration of disputes arising from commercial contracts entered into by public entities (<em>administra\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica direta e indireta<\/em>). This resolved a long-standing debate about whether public entities could agree to arbitrate and extended the Act&#8217;s benefits to infrastructure, energy, public-private partnership and government procurement disputes, where state entities are one party.<\/p>\n        <p>Public sector arbitration in Brazil has specific requirements: proceedings must generally be conducted in Portuguese, awards must be public (confidentiality is limited), and the institution must meet standards set out in the applicable legislation or contract. The <em>C\u00e2mara de Concilia\u00e7\u00e3o e Arbitragem da Administra\u00e7\u00e3o Federal<\/em> (CCAF) provides an administrative arbitration mechanism within the federal executive, separate from the private institutional framework.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"further-card\">\n        <div class=\"caution-tag\">Consumer law restriction<\/div>\n        <h3>Consumer contracts: pre-dispute clauses are void<\/h3>\n        <p>The Brazilian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/leis\/l8078compilado.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consumer Defence Code<\/a> (<em>C\u00f3digo de Defesa do Consumidor<\/em>, <strong>CDC<\/strong>) prohibits the imposition of pre-dispute arbitration clauses on consumers in standard form contracts. A clause in a consumer contract that requires arbitration of future disputes is void and unenforceable. A consumer may, however, agree to arbitrate after the dispute has arisen, and that post-dispute agreement is valid.<\/p>\n        <p>The consumer\/non-consumer boundary is determined by the nature of the transaction, not the parties&#8217; sophistication. Companies entering B2C contracts in Brazil, including digital platforms, financial services, insurance, retail and telecommunications, cannot use arbitration clauses in their standard terms to exclude consumer disputes from the courts. Attempting to do so does not merely make the clause void; it can also attract regulatory scrutiny from the consumer protection authorities.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"further-card\">\n        <div class=\"caution-tag\">Employment restriction<\/div>\n        <h3>Employment disputes: limited arbitrability<\/h3>\n        <p>Brazilian labour law historically treated all employment disputes as non-arbitrable. The 2017 Labour Reform (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2017\/lei\/l13467.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law 13,467\/2017<\/a>) introduced a limited exception: employees earning at least twice the social security contribution ceiling (currently approximately BRL 14,000 per month) may agree to arbitrate employment disputes, provided the agreement is executed with the employee&#8217;s genuine consent and not as a condition of employment.<\/p>\n        <p>This exception is narrow and its limits are still being defined by the Superior Labour Court (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tst.jus.br\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Tribunal Superior do Trabalho<\/em><\/a>, TST). In practice, arbitration of employment disputes in Brazil remains uncommon outside of senior executive arrangements. Companies that include broad arbitration clauses in employment contracts should verify whether those clauses are valid for each category of employee under current TST guidance.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"further-card\">\n        <div class=\"new-tag\">Investment treaty arbitration<\/div>\n        <h3>Investment arbitration and Brazil<\/h3>\n        <p>Brazil historically did not ratify bilateral investment treaties (<strong>BITs<\/strong>) with investor-state dispute settlement provisions, making it an outlier among major emerging economies. Since 2015, Brazil has adopted a different model: Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreements (<strong>CFIAs<\/strong>), which omit investor-state arbitration in favour of state-to-state dispute settlement and domestic governance commitments. Brazil has signed CFIAs with a number of countries including Angola, Chile, Colombia, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates.<\/p>\n        <p>As a result, foreign investors in Brazil generally do not have access to investor-state arbitration under a treaty. Their recourse for disputes with the Brazilian state is through the domestic courts or through contractual arbitration if their concession, licence or commercial contract includes a valid arbitration clause. The absence of investment treaty protection should be factored into the risk assessment for any significant Brazilian investment.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- TEAM -->\n<section class=\"team-section\">\n  <div class=\"team-inner\">\n    <div>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabianodeffenti\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:block;\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.deqlaw.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fabiano-300x350-1.png\" alt=\"Fabiano Deffenti, Senior Partner\" style=\"width:100%;display:block;\" \/>\n      <\/a>\n      <div style=\"padding:16px 4px 0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;\">\n        <div>\n          <strong style=\"display:block;font-size:17px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy);margin-bottom:2px;\">Fabiano Deffenti<\/strong>\n          <span style=\"font-size:14px;color:var(--gold);\">Senior Partner<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabianodeffenti\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:inline-block;flex-shrink:0;\">\n          <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\">\n            <rect width=\"32\" height=\"32\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#cb8569\"\/>\n            <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M11.5 13.5h-3v9h3v-9zm-1.5-1a1.75 1.75 0 1 0 0-3.5 1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 3.5zm11 1c-1.6 0-2.6.8-3 1.5v-1.5h-3v9h3v-4.5c0-1.4.7-2.2 1.9-2.2 1.1 0 1.6.8 1.6 2.2v4.5h3v-5c0-2.8-1.5-4-3.5-4z\"\/>\n          <\/svg>\n        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"team-content\">\n      <div class=\"section-label\">Our Team<\/div>\n      <h2 class=\"section-title\" style=\"font-size:34px;\">Arbitration experience across Brazilian and international proceedings<\/h2>\n      <p>Fabiano Deffenti is Senior Partner at D&amp;Q Lawyers and is admitted to practise in Brazil and Australia, enrolled as a barrister and solicitor in New Zealand, and licensed as an attorney-at-law in New York. He is co-editor of <em>Introduction to Brazilian Law<\/em> (Wolters Kluwer) and editor of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawsofbrazil.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LawsofBrazil.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n      <p>D&amp;Q Lawyers advises on arbitration clause drafting, institution selection, proceedings strategy, arbitrator challenges, award enforcement and the recognition of foreign awards before the STJ. We act for Brazilian and international parties in domestic and cross-border disputes.<\/p>\n      <p>For the broader context of dispute resolution in Brazil, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deqlaw.com.br\/litigating-in-brazil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guide on litigating in Brazil<\/a>.<\/p>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deqlaw.com.br\/en\/profissionais\/\" class=\"btn-primary\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\">Meet the Full Team<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- CTA -->\n<section class=\"cta-section\" id=\"contact\">\n  <div class=\"cta-inner\">\n    <div class=\"section-label\" style=\"justify-content:center;\">Get Advice<\/div>\n    <h2>Drafting an arbitration clause or facing a dispute?<\/h2>\n    <p>Whether you are negotiating a contract, assessing an existing clause, or managing an active arbitration, early advice is the most effective investment.<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"cta-checklist\">\n      <h4>Arbitration readiness checklist<\/h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li>Arbitration clause reviewed for validity, scope and institution<\/li>\n        <li>Seat of arbitration confirmed and its implications understood<\/li>\n        <li>Arbitrability of the dispute confirmed (subject matter, party type)<\/li>\n        <li>Consumer or employment restrictions assessed<\/li>\n        <li>Institutional fees estimated and approved before filing<\/li>\n        <li>Arbitrator candidates identified and conflicts-checked<\/li>\n        <li>Document record reviewed and production strategy prepared<\/li>\n        <li>For foreign awards: STJ homologation pathway mapped<\/li>\n        <li>90-day annulment deadline calendared (if receiving an adverse award)<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p>Initial enquiries are always welcome.<\/p>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:20px;padding:36px 44px;background:var(--warm-white);border:1px solid var(--border);display:inline-block;min-width:320px;\">\n      <div style=\"font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:2px;color:var(--text-light);margin-bottom:12px;\">Send us an email<\/div>\n      <a href=\"mailto:info@deqlaw.com.br\" style=\"font-size:24px;font-weight:300;color:var(--navy);text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-bottom:16px;\">info@deqlaw.com.br<\/a>\n      <a href=\"mailto:info@deqlaw.com.br\" class=\"btn-primary\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\">Send Email Now<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <p style=\"margin-top:20px;font-size:13px;color:var(--text-light);\">This page is a summary only and does not constitute legal advice. For further background on Brazilian dispute resolution, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/lawsofbrazil.com\/dispute-resolution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:var(--gold);\">LawsofBrazil<\/a>.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- cell_inner --><\/div><!-- cell --><\/div><!-- port --><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5972","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arbitrating in Brazil - D&amp;Q Lawyers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Arbitrating in Brazil? 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